Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 66, Issue 3 651-673, Copyright © 1991 by APS

ARTICLES

Recovery of function after lesions in the superior temporal sulcus in the monkey

D. S. Yamasaki and R. H. Wurtz
Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

1. Ibotenic acid lesions in the monkey's middle temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST) in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) have previously been shown to produce a deficit in initiation of smooth-pursuit eye movements to moving visual targets. The deficits, however, recovery within a few days. In the present experiments we investigated the factors that influence that recovery. 2. We tested two aspects of the monkey's ability to use motion information to acquire moving targets. We used eye-position error as a measure of the monkey's ability to make accurate initial saccades to the moving target. We measured eye speed within the first 100 ms after the saccade to evaluate the monkey's initial smooth pursuit. 3. We determined that pursuit recovery was not dependent specifically on the use of neurotoxic lesions. Although the rate of recovery was slightly altered by replacing the usual neurotoxin (ibotenic acid) with another neurotoxin [alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] or with an electrolytic lesion, pursuit recovery still occurred within a period of days to weeks. 4. There was a relationship between the size and location of the lesion and the recovery time. The time to recovery for eye-position error and initial eye speed increased with the fraction of MT removed. Whether the rate of recovery and size of lesions within regions on the anterior bank were related was unresolved. 5. We found that a large AMPA lesion within the STS that removed all of MT and nearly all of MST drastically altered the rate of recovery. Recovery was incomplete more than 7 mo after the lesion. Even with this lesion, however, the monkey's ability to use motion information for pursuit was not completely eliminated. 6. The large lesion also included parts of areas V1, V2, V3, and V4, but analysis of the visual fields associated with this lesion indicated that these areas probably did not have a substantial effect on recovery. 7. We tested whether visual motion experience of the monkey after a lesion was necessary for recovery by limiting the monkey's experience either by using a mask or by using 4-Hz stroboscopic illumination. In one monkey the eye-position error component of pursuit was prolonged to greater than 2 wk, but recovery of eye speed was not. Reduced motion experience had little effect on recovery in the other two monkeys. These results suggest that such visual motion experience is not necessary for the recovery of pursuit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Takemura, Y. Murata, K. Kawano, and F. A. Miles Deficits in Short-Latency Tracking Eye Movements after Chemical Lesions in Monkey Cortical Areas MT and MST J. Neurosci., January 17, 2007; 27(3): 529 - 541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. J. Ilg and S. Schumann Primate Area MST-l Is Involved in the Generation of Goal-Directed Eye and Hand Movements J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2007; 97(1): 761 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Berryhill, T. Chiu, and H. C. Hughes Smooth Pursuit of Nonvisual Motion J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2006; 96(1): 461 - 465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Vaina, A. Cowey, M. Jakab, and R. Kikinis Deficits of motion integration and segregation in patients with unilateral extrastriate lesions Brain, September 1, 2005; 128(9): 2134 - 2145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Liu and W. T. Newsome Correlation between Speed Perception and Neural Activity in the Middle Temporal Visual Area J. Neurosci., January 19, 2005; 25(3): 711 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. J. Ilg and J. Churan Motion Perception Without Explicit Activity in Areas MT and MST J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2004; 92(3): 1512 - 1523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. R. Huxlin and T. Pasternak Training-induced Recovery of Visual Motion Perception after Extrastriate Cortical Damage in the Adult Cat Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2004; 14(1): 81 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. R. Payne and R. J. Rushmore Animal Models of Cerebral Neglect and Its Cancellation Neuroscientist, December 1, 2003; 9(6): 446 - 454. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Liu and W. T. Newsome Functional Organization of Speed Tuned Neurons in Visual Area MT J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2003; 89(1): 246 - 256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Girard, S. G. Lomber, and J. Bullier Shape Discrimination Deficits During Reversible Deactivation of Area V4 in the Macaque Monkey Cereb Cortex, November 1, 2002; 12(11): 1146 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Vaina, A. Cowey, R. T. Eskew Jr, M. LeMay, and T. Kemper Regional cerebral correlates of global motion perception: Evidence from unilateral cerebral brain damage Brain, February 1, 2001; 124(2): 310 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. H. Recanzone and R. H. Wurtz Effects of Attention on MT and MST Neuronal Activity During Pursuit Initiation J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2000; 83(2): 777 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. H. Recanzone and R. H. Wurtz Shift in Smooth Pursuit Initiation and MT and MST Neuronal Activity Under Different Stimulus Conditions J Neurophysiol, October 1, 1999; 82(4): 1710 - 1727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. W. Lytton, J. M. Stark, D. S. Yamasaki, and S. J. Sober {blacksquare} REVIEW : Computer Models of Stroke Recovery: Implications for Neurorehabilitation Neuroscientist, March 1, 1999; 5(2): 100 - 111. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. H. Recanzone, R. H. Wurtz, and U. Schwarz Responses of MT and MST Neurons to One and Two Moving Objects in the Receptive Field J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1997; 78(6): 2904 - 2915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Sober, J. M. Stark, D. S. Yamasaki, and W. W. Lytton Receptive Field Changes After Strokelike Cortical Ablation: A Role for Activation Dynamics J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1997; 78(6): 3438 - 3438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A. Sabel Unrecognized Potential of Surviving Neurons: : Within-systems Plasticity, Recovery of Function, and the Hypothesis of Minimal Residual Structure Neuroscientist, November 1, 1997; 3(6): 366 - 370. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T. Moore, H. R. Rodman, and C. G. Gross Direction of motion discrimination after early lesions of striate cortex (V1) of the macaque monkey PNAS, January 2, 2001; 98(1): 325 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]