Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 66, Issue 2 429-443, Copyright © 1991 by APS

ARTICLES

A quantitative study of neuronal discharge in areas 5, 2, and 4 of the monkey during fast arm movements

P. Burbaud, C. Doegle, C. Gross and B. Bioulac
Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, CNRS URA 1200, Universite de Bordeaux II, France.

1. The properties of parietal neurons were studied in four adult rhesus monkeys during fast arm movements. The animals were trained to perform flexion or extension of the forearm about the elbow in response to specific auditory cues. Single neuron activity was recorded in 272 area 5 neurons, 81 neurons of the somatosensory cortex, and 92 neurons of the motor cortex. 2. In area 5, 42% of neuronal changes occurred before movement onset (early changes) and 58% after (late changes), with 21% before the earliest electromyogram. The range of modification in activity took place between 260 ms before movement onset and 180 ms after. Complex receptive fields were found in area 5 with a greater proportion among the late neurons (72%) than among the early neurons (32%). 3. Different patterns of activity were observed in neurons recorded in both movement directions. Reciprocal neurons represented 52% of the motor cortex neurons and 41% of the neurons in the somatosensory cortex but only 14% of the area 5 neurons. Of the remainder area 5 neurons, 46% were direction-sensitive neurons and 39% coactivated neurons. This suggests a more complex encoding of movement direction in area 5 than in area 2 or 4. 4. Temporal characteristics of the neuronal bursts were quantitatively analyzed in areas 5, 2, and 4. Neuronal burst duration was longer in area 5 than in the other areas. Above all, a variability of burst parameters, which did not depend on variable movement execution, was noticed in area 5. Therefore neuronal activity in this cortical area cannot be simply explained by a convergence of sensory and motor inputs but may depend on the behavioral context in which the movement is performed. 5. A correlation between neuronal burst duration and movement duration was found in 41% of area 2 neurons. In area 5, this correlation was observed in 20% of the late neurons and in 14% of the early neurons. A correlation between neuronal discharge frequency and movement velocity was found in 34% of area 2 neurons and 24% of area 4 neurons. About 16% of both late and early neurons in area 5 showed such a correlation. These neurons received polyarticular input, and it is suggested that they may be involved in the kinematic encoding of polyarticular movements. 6. A topographic and functional organization of area 5 was noticed. In anterior area, 5, 83% of the neurons had receptive fields and most of the reciprocal neurons and those exhibiting a correlation with movement parameters were found there.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. Padberg, J. G. Franca, D. F. Cooke, J. G. M. Soares, M. G. P. Rosa, M. Fiorani Jr, R. Gattass, and L. Krubitzer Parallel Evolution of Cortical Areas Involved in Skilled Hand Use J. Neurosci., September 19, 2007; 27(38): 10106 - 10115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-D. Zhou, A. Ardestani, and J. M. Fuster Distributed and Associative Working Memory Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2007; 17(suppl_1): i77 - i87. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. P. Gardner, J. Y. Ro, K. S. Babu, and S. Ghosh Neurophysiology of Prehension. II. Response Diversity in Primary Somatosensory (S-I) and Motor (M-I) Cortices J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1656 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. P. Gardner, K. S. Babu, S. D. Reitzen, S. Ghosh, A. S. Brown, J. Chen, A. L. Hall, M. D. Herzlinger, J. B. Kohlenstein, and J. Y. Ro Neurophysiology of Prehension. I. Posterior Parietal Cortex and Object-Oriented Hand Behaviors J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2007; 97(1): 387 - 406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Maimon and J. A. Assad Parietal Area 5 and the Initiation of Self-Timed Movements versus Simple Reactions J. Neurosci., March 1, 2006; 26(9): 2487 - 2498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Padberg, E. Disbrow, and L. Krubitzer The Organization and Connections of Anterior and Posterior Parietal Cortex in Titi Monkeys: Do New World Monkeys Have an Area 2? Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2005; 15(12): 1938 - 1963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Battaglia-Mayer and R. Caminiti Optic ataxia as a result of the breakdown of the global tuning fields of parietal neurones Brain, February 1, 2002; 125(2): 225 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. Moran and A. B. Schwartz Motor Cortical Representation of Speed and Direction During Reaching J Neurophysiol, November 1, 1999; 82(5): 2676 - 2692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. L. Widener and P. D. Cheney Effects on Muscle Activity From Microstimuli Applied to Somatosensory and Motor Cortex During Voluntary Movement in the Monkey J Neurophysiol, May 1, 1997; 77(5): 2446 - 2465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J L Contreras-Vidal, S Grossberg, and D Bullock A neural model of cerebellar learning for arm movement control: cortico-spino-cerebellar dynamics. Learn. Mem., January 1, 1997; 3(6): 475 - 502. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Kalaska and D. Crammond Cerebral cortical mechanisms of reaching movements Science, March 20, 1992; 255(5051): 1517 - 1523. [Abstract] [PDF]