| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 58, Issue 6 1351-1369, Copyright © 1987 by APS
ARTICLES |
E. J. Morris and S. G. Lisberger
Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143.
1. We have investigated the role of retinal and extraretinal signals in the initiation and maintenance of smooth-pursuit eye movements in trained rhesus monkeys. Visual targets were presented in open-loop conditions by using electronic feedback of eye position to form the command for target position. This allowed us to present stimuli that were stabilized with respect to the moving eye or to provide small, precisely controlled retinal position or velocity errors. 2. Pursuit was maintained with only small decreases in eye velocity if retinal errors were eliminated by stabilizing the tracking target in front of the fovea during pursuit at 15 degrees/s. This argues that the pursuit system employs "velocity memory" to maintain pursuit. We suggest that velocity memory is effected by an extraretinal signal derived from positive feedback of eye-velocity commands. 3. Small retinal position errors caused smooth eye accelerations if imposed during pursuit, but were ineffective for initiating the transition from steady fixation to pursuit. Small retinal velocity errors were effective both for initiating pursuit from steady fixation and for altering eye velocity during pursuit. 4. Retinal position errors were effective at changing smooth eye velocity in a variety of conditions that required prior activation of the pursuit system. These include pursuit with or without a stationary background, pursuit with a background that was stabilized with respect to the eye, pursuit with combined eye and head motion (cancellation of the vestibuloocular reflex), and use of pursuit to suppress optokinetic nystagmus. Position errors were ineffective during fixation of stationary targets, even if head motion was provided to evoke the smooth eye velocity of the vestibuloocular reflex. 5. We conclude that retinal position errors are effective only after the pursuit system has been activated. It follows that pursuit initiation involves an active transition from steady fixation and that this transition is normally triggered by retinal velocity errors but not by retinal position errors.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H. W. Heuer, S. Tokiyama, and S. G. Lisberger Doing Without Learning: Stimulation of the Frontal Eye Fields and Floccular Complex Does Not Instruct Motor Learning in Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2008; 100(3): 1320 - 1331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. I. Braun, N. Mennie, C. Rasche, A. C. Schutz, M. J. Hawken, and K. R. Gegenfurtner Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements to Isoluminant Targets J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2008; 100(3): 1287 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Tabata, K. Miura, and K. Kawano Trial-by-Trial Updating of the Gain in Preparation for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Based on Past Experience in Humans J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2008; 99(2): 747 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.R. Burke and G.R. Barnes Brain and Behavior: A Task-Dependent Eye Movement Study Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2008; 18(1): 126 - 135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-J. Orban de Xivry and P. Lefevre Saccades and pursuit: two outcomes of a single sensorimotor process J. Physiol., October 1, 2007; 584(1): 11 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. F. Medina and S. G. Lisberger Variation, Signal, and Noise in Cerebellar Sensory-Motor Processing for Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements J. Neurosci., June 20, 2007; 27(25): 6832 - 6842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Tarnutzer, S. Ramat, D. Straumann, and D. S. Zee Pursuit Responses to Target Steps During Ongoing Tracking J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1266 - 1279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Tabata, K. Miura, M. Taki, K. Matsuura, and K. Kawano Preparatory Gain Modulation of Visuomotor Transmission for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Monkeys J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2006; 96(6): 3051 - 3063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ono and M. J. Mustari Extraretinal Signals in MSTd Neurons Related to Volitional Smooth Pursuit J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2006; 96(5): 2819 - 2825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. T. Born, C. C. Pack, C. R. Ponce, and S. Yi Temporal Evolution of 2-Dimensional Direction Signals Used to Guide Eye Movements J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2006; 95(1): 284 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Churchland and S. G. Lisberger Relationship Between Extraretinal Component of Firing Rate and Eye Speed in Area MST of Macaque Monkeys J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2005; 94(4): 2416 - 2426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Blohm, M. Missal, and P. Lefevre Direct Evidence for a Position Input to the Smooth Pursuit System J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2005; 94(1): 712 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Li, B. T. Sweet, and L. S. Stone Effect of Contrast on the Active Control of a Moving Line J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2005; 93(5): 2873 - 2886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Bennett and G. R. Barnes Predictive Smooth Ocular Pursuit During the Transient Disappearance of a Visual Target J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2004; 92(1): 578 - 590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Krauzlis Recasting the Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement System J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2004; 91(2): 591 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Bennett and G. R. Barnes Human Ocular Pursuit During the Transient Disappearance of a Visual Target J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2003; 90(4): 2504 - 2520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Churchland, I-H. Chou, and S. G. Lisberger Evidence for Object Permanence in the Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements of Monkeys J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2003; 90(4): 2205 - 2218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Kornylo, N. Dill, M. Saenz, and R. J. Krauzlis Canceling of Pursuit and Saccadic Eye Movements in Humans and Monkeys J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2003; 89(6): 2984 - 2999. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Tabata, K. Yamamoto, and M. Kawato Computational Study on Monkey VOR Adaptation and Smooth Pursuit Based on the Parallel Control-Pathway Theory J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2002; 87(4): 2176 - 2189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. de Brouwer, D. Yuksel, G. Blohm, M. Missal, and P. Lefevre What Triggers Catch-Up Saccades During Visual Tracking? J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1646 - 1650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Dubrovsky and K. E. Cullen Gaze-, Eye-, and Head-Movement Dynamics During Closed- and Open-Loop Gaze Pursuit J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2002; 87(2): 859 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Churchland and S. G. Lisberger Experimental and Computational Analysis of Monkey Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2001; 86(2): 741 - 759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tanaka and S. G. Lisberger Context-Dependent Smooth Eye Movements Evoked by Stationary Visual Stimuli in Trained Monkeys J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2000; 84(4): 1748 - 1762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Suh, H.-C. Leung, and R. E. Kettner Cerebellar Flocculus and Ventral Paraflocculus Purkinje Cell Activity During Predictive and Visually Driven Pursuit in Monkey J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2000; 84(4): 1835 - 1850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Krauzlis, M. A. Basso, and R. H. Wurtz Discharge Properties of Neurons in the Rostral Superior Colliculus of the Monkey During Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2000; 84(2): 876 - 891. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Basso, R. J. Krauzlis, and R. H. Wurtz Activation and Inactivation of Rostral Superior Colliculus Neurons During Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements in Monkeys J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2000; 84(2): 892 - 908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Churchland and S. G. Lisberger Apparent Motion Produces Multiple Deficits in Visually Guided Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements of Monkeys J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2000; 84(1): 216 - 235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-C. Leung, M. Suh, and R. E. Kettner Cerebellar Flocculus and Paraflocculus Purkinje Cell Activity During Circular Pursuit in Monkey J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2000; 83(1): 13 - 30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. R. Robinson, A. Straube, and A. F. Fuchs Participation of Caudal Fastigial Nucleus in Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements. II. Effects of Muscimol Inactivation J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1997; 78(2): 848 - 859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
