Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol 52, Issue 1 156-169, Copyright © 1984 by APS

ARTICLES

Sensory, interneuronal, and motor interactions within Hermissenda visual pathway

Y. Goh and D. L. Alkon

The visual pathway of Hermissenda was identified by means of intracellular recordings and iontophoretic injection of the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow. This pathway consisted of five neuron types, namely, type B photoreceptors and the medial type A photoreceptor within each of the two eyes, hair cells in the two statocysts, a group of interneurons in the cerebropleural ganglia, and a putative motor neuron (MN1) in each pedal ganglion. The MN1 cells responded during illumination of the eye with increased impulse and excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) activity. This response was often followed by bursting activity for higher light intensities. The medial type A photoreceptor, which was found to be inhibited by medial and intermediate type B photoreceptors, was demonstrated to excite the MN1 cell indirectly via a group of identified interneurons. Hair cells were also found to excite the MN1 cell indirectly via these interneurons. Among the ipsilateral hair cells, cephalic hair cells were least frequently found to excite the MN1 cell. Among the contralateral hair cells, on the other hand, lateral hair cells were most often found to excite the MN1 cell. Interneurons that were shown to excite the MN1 cell received excitatory input from the medial type A photoreceptor and hair cells. Our observations are consistent with the interpretation that these interactions are mediated by monosynaptic chemical synapses. Electrical stimulation of the MN1 cell with positive-current injection produced turning of the posterior half of the animal's foot to the ipsilateral direction consistent with the animal's turning behavior toward light. The visual pathway identified in this experiment was considered to have some significance in explaining, at least in part, a causal role for changes within type B photoreceptors in producing Hermissenda's modified behavior following associative conditioning.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. R. Butson and G. A. Clark Random Noise Paradoxically Improves Light-Intensity Encoding in Hermissenda Photoreceptor Network J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2008; 99(1): 146 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Crow and L.-M. Tian Pavlovian Conditioning in Hermissenda: A Circuit Analysis Biol. Bull., June 1, 2006; 210(3): 289 - 297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Sakakibara Comparative Study of Visuo-Vestibular Conditioning in Lymnaea stagnalis Biol. Bull., June 1, 2006; 210(3): 298 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. T. Blackwell Ionic Currents Underlying Difference in Light Response Between Type A and Type B Photoreceptors J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2006; 95(5): 3060 - 3072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Crow and L.-M. Tian Statocyst Hair Cell Activation of Identified Interneurons and Foot Contraction Motor Neurons in Hermissenda J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2004; 91(6): 2874 - 2883. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Crow Pavlovian Conditioning of Hermissenda: Current Cellular, Molecular, and Circuit Perspectives Learn. Mem., May 1, 2004; 11(3): 229 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Birmingham and D. L. Tauck Neuromodulation in invertebrate sensory systems: from biophysics to behavior J. Exp. Biol., October 15, 2003; 206(20): 3541 - 3546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Crow and L.-M. Tian Interneuronal Projections to Identified Cilia-Activating Pedal Neurons in Hermissenda J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2003; 89(5): 2420 - 2429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Crow and L.-M. Tian Neural Correlates of Pavlovian Conditioning in Components of the Neural Network Supporting Ciliary Locomotion in Hermissenda Learn. Mem., May 1, 2003; 10(3): 209 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Crow and L.-M. Tian Facilitation of Monosynaptic and Complex PSPs in Type I Interneurons of Conditioned Hermissenda J. Neurosci., September 1, 2002; 22(17): 7818 - 7824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Crow and L.-M. Tian Morphological Characteristics and Central Projections of Two Types of Interneurons in the Visual Pathway of Hermissenda J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2002; 87(1): 322 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. A. Muzzio, C. C. Gandhi, U. Manyam, A. Pesnell, and L. D. Matzel Receptor-Stimulated Phospholipase A2 Liberates Arachidonic Acid and Regulates Neuronal Excitability Through Protein Kinase C J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2001; 85(4): 1639 - 1647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Crow and L.-M. Tian Monosynaptic Connections Between Identified A and B Photoreceptors and Interneurons in Hermissenda: Evidence for Labeled-Lines J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2000; 84(1): 367 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Farley and Y. Han Ionic Basis of Learning-Correlated Excitability Changes in Hermissenda Type A Photoreceptors J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1997; 77(4): 1861 - 1888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R F Rogers and L D Matzel Higher-order associative processing in Hermissenda suggests multiple sites of neuronal modulation. Learn. Mem., January 1, 1996; 2(6): 279 - 298. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. Alkon Calcium-mediated reduction of ionic currents: a biophysical memory trace Science, November 30, 1984; 226(4678): 1037 - 1045. [Abstract] [PDF]